Modeling Issues in Multiscale Biomechanics

Organ Systems: Item 1

Modeling Need

  • Determination of organ level mechanical loading
  • Musculoskeletal model sensitivity studies
  • Neuromusculoskeletal model optimization studies (Muscle activation patterns)

Method/Type

  • Multi- body musculoskeletal model (lumped parameter)

Software

  • MSC.ADAMS
  • SIMM/Dynamics Pipeline/SDFAST

Issues

  1. Difficult to represent soft tissues in non-FE models
  2. Kinematic/kinetic model of joint should be adequate to represent organ level loading , e.g. is it possible to use knee # BCs and loading obtained using a hinge description in a follow-up complex finite element model of the knee?


Possible Shared Items

  1. Simulation Results
    1. Tissue loading, ligament strain, muscle activation patterns
  2. Solution algorithms

Organ: Item 1

Modeling Need

Need for computationally efficient models that capture dynamic tissue behavior

Method/Type

  • Artificial Neural Network
  • Support Vector Machines
  • Surrogate modeling based on adaptive sampling and local interpolation

Software

  • MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox
  • SPIDER (a free machine learning toolbox for Matlab)

Issues

  1. Space and time complexities
  2. Stability
  3. Generalization

Possible Shared Items

  1. Modeling Technique
    1. Journal Article
  2. ANN models that capture desired responses from computationally intensive techniques
    1. Modular application programming interface
    2. IDE compatibility
  3. Solution database of complex models

 

Organ: Item 2

Modeling Need

Convert MR/CT images to 3-D geometries

Method/Type

Software

  • Slicer
  • Mimics
  • Materialise
  • Volsuite

Issues

  1. Thresholding techniques typically do not work well on musculoskeletal tissues
  2. converted geometries typically need smoothing
    1. integrity of tissue geometries/thickness maintained?


Possible Shared Items

  1. Tissue Geometries
    1. STL files
    2. Patient Specific
    3. IGS files

Tissue: Item 1

Modeling Need

Meshed tissue geometries

Method/Type

Software

  • Cubit
  • Patran
  • TrueGrid

Issues

  1. Irregular surfaces difficult to mesh particularly using hexahedral elements
  2. STL format not optimal for meshing
    1. Conversion of STL to NURB surfaces?
  3. Automated generation of tetrahedral meshes is possible but those may not be suitable for nonlinear simulations
  4. Are meshfree methods a solution?

Possible Shared Items

  1. FE meshed geometries of tissues
  2. Parametric meshing scripts

Tissue: Item 2

Modeling Need

Accurate representation of Non-linear, Non-homogenous, Viscoelastic tissues

Method/Type

  • Finite - Element
  • Inverse finite element method

Software

  • ABAQUS
  • FEBIO

Issues

  1. FE method is computationally intensive for dynamic simulations
  2. meshing
  3. contacts
  4. need for accurate constitutive equations therefore complete experimental data sets
  5. material heterogeneity

Possible Shared Items

  1. Modeling Technique
    1. Journal Article
  2. Constitutive equations
  3. Experimental data to develop constitutive models

Multicell: Item 1

Modeling Need

Develop constitutive equations of tissue

Method/Type

Pseudo – Bond

Software

Custom

Issues

  1. Material parameter estimation

Possible Shared Items

  1. Modeling Technique
    1. Journal Articles
  2. Constitutive equations of tissues
    1. Platform specific ?

Multicell: Item 2

Modeling Need

Method/Type

Boundary Condition coupling

Software

Issues

Possible Shared Items

  1. Modeling algorithms that couple 1D and 3D lung models
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