Airflow from atmosphere to Bronchi to Alveoli modeled with 2 compartments.
Description
This model represents a simple 2-compartmental respiratory system, one bronchi compartment and one alveoli compartment. This model is driven by external pressure (Psource)as with positive pressure ventilation. There is no exchange between alveoli and blood. The fluid (air) is assumed incompressible. Volumes flow forward and back through air, bronchi (Vbr), and alveoli (Valv).
The transport of material in the flow is handled for positive and negative flow by changing the equations using switches. We set switches (Xb and Xa) in accord with flow direction. Flow from air to bronchi or from bronchi to alveoli is positive flow (Xb=1, Xa=1). Flow from alveoli to bronchi or from bronchi to air is negative flow (Xb=0, Xa=0).
Figure Legend:
P: Pressure, R: Resistance, F: Flow, Com: Compliance, V: Volume
Equations
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K. R. Lutchen and G. M. Saidel, Estimation of mechanical parameters in multicompartment models applied to normal and obstructed lungs during tidal breathing, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-33, no. 9, pp. 878-887, Sept. 1986.
Please cite https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.
Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.