Model number
0149

  

Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 Dissociation Curves at Varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and Temperature Levels. Based directly on Dash et al. 2010 errata reprint.

Description

 ABSTRACT: New mathematical model equations for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin (SHbO2 and SHbCO2) 
 are developed here from the equilibrium binding of O2 and CO2 with hemoglobin inside RBCs. 
 They are in the form of an invertible Hill-type equation with the apparent Hill coefficients 
 KHbO2 and KHbCO2 in the expressions for SHbO2 and SHbCO2 dependent on the levels of O2 and CO2 
 partial pressures (PO2 and PCO2), pH, 2,3-DPG concentration, and temperature in blood. 
 The invertibility ofmol2ml these new equations allows PO2 and PCO2 to be computed efficiently from 
 SHbO2 and SHbCO2 and vice-versa. The oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and carbamino-hemoglobin (HbCO2) 
 dissociation curves computed from these equations are in good agreement with the published 
 experimental and theoretical curves in the literature. The model solutions describe that, 
 at standard physiological conditions, the hemoglobin is about 97.2% saturated by O2 and the 
 amino group of hemoglobin is about 13.1% saturated by CO2. The O2 and CO2 content in whole blood
 are also calculated here from the gas solubilities, hematocrits, and the new formulas for SHbO2 
 and SHbCO2. Because of the mathematical simplicity and invertibility, these new formulas can be 
 conveniently used in the modeling of simultaneous transport and exchange of O2 and CO2 in the 
 alveoli-blood and blood-tissue exchange systems.  

 The equations for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin (SHbO2 and SHbCO2)  
 are derived by considering the various kinetic reactions involving the
 binding of O2 and CO2 with hemoglobin in RBCs:

            kf1p       K1dp
 1. CO2+H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+;  K1=(kf1p/kb1p)*K1dp
            kb1p		K1 = 7.43e-7 M, K1dp = 5.5e-4 M

              kf2p          K2dp
 2. CO2+HbNH2 <--> HbNHCOOH <--> HbNHCOO- + H+;  K2=(kf2p/kb2p)*K2dp
              kb2p		K2 = 2.95e-5, K2dp = 1.0e-6 M

                kf3p            K3dp
 3. CO2+O2HbNH2 <--> O2HbNHCOOH <--> O2HbNHCOO- + H+; K3=(kf3p/kb3p)*K3dp
                kb3p		K3 = 2.51e-5, K3dp = 1.0e-6 M

              kf4p          
 4. O2+HbNH2 <--> O2HbNH2;  K4p=K4dp*func([O2],[H+],[CO2],[DPG],T)
              kb4p		K4dp and K4p are to be determined

    func = ([O2]/[O2]s)^n0*([H+]s/[H+])^n1*([CO2]s/[CO2])^n2*
           ([DPG]s/[DPG])^n3*(Temps/Temp)^n4

           K5dp
 5. HbNH3+ <--> HbNH2 + H+;  K5 = 2.63e-8 M

             K6dp
 6. O2HbNH3+ <--> O2HbNH2 + H+;  K6 = 1.91e-9 M

 The association and dissociation rate constants of O2 with hemoglobin is
 assumed to be dependent on [O2], [H+], [CO2], [DPG] and temperature (Temp)
 such that the equilibrium constant K4p is proportional to ([O2]/[O2]s)^n0,
 ([H+]s/[H+])^n1, ([CO2]s/[CO2])^n2, ([DPG]s/[DPG])^n3, and (Temps/Temp)^n4.
 The problem is to estimate the values of the proportionality constant K4dp 
 and the indices n0, n1, n2, n3 and n4 such that SHbO2 is 50% at pO2 = 26.8 
 mmHg, pH = 7.24, pCO2 = 40 mmHg, [DPG] = 4.65 mM and Temp = 37 C in RBCs 
 and the HbO2 dissociation curve shifts appropriately w.r.t. pH and pCO2.

Oxygen dissociation curves at varying pH:

SHbO2 pic1

Equations

The equations for this model may be viewed by running the JSim model applet and clicking on the Source tab at the bottom left of JSim's Run Time graphical user interface. The equations are written in JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML). See the Introduction to MML and the MML Reference Manual. Additional documentation for MML can be found by using the search option at the Physiome home page.

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References

  

Dash RK and Bassingthwaighte JB. Erratum to: Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at 
varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and Temperature Levels. Ann Biomed Eng 38(4): 1683-1701, 2010.
Dash, R.K. and Bassingwaighte, J.B., Simultaneous Blood-Tissue Exchange of Oxygen, Carbon 
Dioxide, Bicarbonate, and Hydrogen Ion, Ann Biomed Eng, Vol 34:7 (Jul 2006) pp.1129-1148.

 

 

Key terms
oxygen
O2
carbon dioxide
CO2
Hb
hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
carbamino-hemoglobin
dissociation curves
pH
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-DPG
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
2,3-BPG
temperature effects
O2-CO2 interactions
Bohr effects
Haldane effects
Publication
matlab
Acknowledgements

Please cite https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.

Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.